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| has gloss | eng: Senatus consultum ultimum ("Final decree of the Senate" or Final Act), more properly senatus consultum de re publica defendenda ("Decree of the Senate on defending the Republic") is the modern term (based on Caesars wording at Bel. Civ. 1.5) given to a decree of the Roman Senate during the late Roman Republic passed in times of emergency. The form was usually consules darent operam ne quid detrimenti res publica caperet or videant consules ne res publica detrimenti capiat ("let the consuls see to it that the state suffer no harm"). It was first passed during the fall from power of Gaius Gracchus in 121 BC, and subsequently at several other points, including during Lepidus march on Rome in 77 BC, the Conspiracy of Catiline in 63, and when Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon in 49. The Senatus consultum ultimum effectively replaced the disused dictatorship, by removing limitations on the magistrates' powers to preserve the State. After the rise of the Principate, there was little need for the Senate to issue the decree again. |
| lexicalization | eng: Senatus consultum ultimum |
| instance of | (noun) the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC; was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar Roman Republic |
| Meaning | |
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| Bulgarian | |
| has gloss | bul: Senatus consultum ultimum или Последно решение на Сената или на кратко SCU e латинското понятие за решение за Държавно извънредно положение в късната Римска република, наредено от Сената. |
| lexicalization | bul: Senatus consultum ultimum |
| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Der lateinische Begriff senatus consultum ultimum (letzter Beschluss des Senats, kurz SCU) bezeichnet den Staatsnotstand in der späten römischen Republik, verhängt durch den Senat. |
| lexicalization | deu: senatus consultum ultimum |
| Finnish | |
| has gloss | fin: Senatus consultum (lat. senaatin päätös) oli Rooman senaatin virkamiehille antama ohje, jolla ei ollut tasavallan aikana lain voimaa, mutta jota oli käytännössä noudatettava. Keisariajalla siitä tuli lainvoimainen. Päätökset kirjattiin pronssitauluun. |
| lexicalization | fin: Senatus consultum |
| French | |
| has gloss | fra: __NOTOC__ Le senatus consultum ultimum (« décret ultime du Sénat »), plus exactement senatus consultum de re publica defendenda (« décret du Sénat pour la défense de la République »), est un terme moderne basé sur la formulation utilisée par Jules César : |
| lexicalization | fra: senatus consultum ultimum |
| Italian | |
| has gloss | ita: Il Senatus consultum ultimum (cioè "Ultimo decreto del Senato"), o anche Senatus consultum de re publica defendenda (cioè "Decreto del Senato per la difesa dello stato") è un termine utilizzato per descrivere un decreto senatorio (il Senatus Consultum) emesso come extrema ratio in caso di emergenza che fu tipico dell'ultima fase della Repubblica. |
| lexicalization | ita: Senatus Consultum Ultimum |
| Japanese | |
| has gloss | jpn: セナトゥス・コンスルトゥム・ウルティムム（ラテン語：Senatus consultum ultimum）またはセナトゥス・コンスルトゥム・デ・レ・プブリカ・デフェンデンダ（ラテン語：senatus consultum de re publica defendenda）とは、「共和政を守るための元老院による宣言」「元老院による最終的な宣言」と訳される共和政ローマ期の緊急法令の一つである。日本語では略して「元老院最終宣言」「元老院最終勧告」「元老院最終決定」などとも呼ばれる。 |
| lexicalization | jpn: セナトゥス・コンスルトゥム・ウルティムム |
| Korean | |
| has gloss | kor: 원로원 비상 결의(senatus consultum ultimum)가 가결되면, 의결에 따라 생성된 권한은 그야말로 초법적인 권한이 되어 이제까지 존재해 있던 모든 법을 무시할 수 있고, 모든 권한을 집정관(또는 독재관)에게 양도할 수 있었던 로마 원로원의 최고 권위의 상징이며 최후의 무기였다. |
| lexicalization | kor: 원로원 비상 결의 |
| Dutch | |
| has gloss | nld: Het Senatus consultum de re publica defendenda (Nederlands: Senaatsbesluit over het verdedigen van de republiek), ook wel het senatus consultum ultimum (Nederlands: Uiterste Senaatsbesluit) genoemd, was een noodverordening die vooral in de latere periode van de Romeinse republiek door de Senaat in werking gesteld werd |
| lexicalization | nld: Senatus consultum de re publica defendenda |
| Castilian | |
| has gloss | spa: Senatus consultum ultimum («Decreto último del Senado»), o más comunmente conocido como, senatus consultum de re publica defendenda («Decreto del Senado en Defensa de la República») es un término latino arcaico que empleaba el Senado Romano en tiempos de la República cuando ésta estaba amenazada. La forma más usual era consules darent operam ne quid detrimenti res publica caperet o bien videant consules ne res publica detrimenti capiat («los cónsules deben hacer lo que sea en defensa de la República»). Fue utilizado en varias ocasiones: tras el ascenso al poder de Cayo Sempronio Graco (121 a. C.), cuando Marco Emilio Lépido marchó sobre Roma (77 a. C.), tras descubrirse la conspiración de Lucio Sergio Catilina (63 a. C.) y cuando César cruzó el Rubicón (49 a. C.) El Senatus Consultum Ultimum reemplazó de forma efectiva a la dictadura, dando a los magistrados poderes semi-dictatoriales con el objeto de preservar los poderes del Senado y defender la República. Tras la consolidación del Principado, este decreto era de tan poca utilidad que no se volvió a utilizar de nuevo. |
| lexicalization | spa: Senatus consultum ultimum |
| Swedish | |
| has gloss | swe: Senatus consultum ultimum kan översättas med "senatens yttersta beslut" och motsvarade under den romerska republikens tid vad vi i dag kallar undantagstillstånd. I en krissituation kunde konsulerna (de högsta ämbetsmännen i republiken) då vidta extraordinära åtgärder för att skydda statens säkerhet, till exempel att låta avrätta medborgare utan rättegång. |
| lexicalization | swe: Senatus consultum ultimum |
| Chinese | |
| has gloss | zho: 元老院終極議決（拉丁文：Senatus consultum ultimum，英文：Final decree of the Senate），簡稱終極議決（Final Act），是羅馬元老院在羅馬共和晚期的一種緊急決議。在某種層面上，這還有更為精確的解釋：Senatus consultum de re publica defendenda，意為「元老院為捍衛共和的決議」。這種議決對於凱撒攀上權力高峰起了莫大的作用。 |
| lexicalization | zho: 元老院紧急决定 |
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